Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 20 September 1991:
Vol. 253. no. 5026, pp. 1380 - 1386
DOI: 10.1126/science.1896849

Articles

Science, Vol 253, Issue 5026, 1380-1386
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

The medial temporal lobe memory system

LR Squire and S Zola-Morgan

Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161.

Studies of human amnesia and studies of an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey have identified the anatomical components of the brain system for memory in the medial temporal lobe and have illuminated its function. This neural system consists of the hippocampus and adjacent, anatomically related cortex, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. These structures, presumably by virtue of their widespread and reciprocal connections with neocortex, are essential for establishing long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory). The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed to bind together the distributed storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory. However, the role of this system is only temporary. As time passes after learning, memory stored in neocortex gradually becomes independent of medial temporal lobe structures.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Long-term associative memory capacity in man.
J. L. Voss (2009)
Psychon Bull Rev 16, 1076-1081
   Abstract »    PDF »
Memory and Brain Systems: 1969-2009.
L. R. Squire (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 12711-12716
   Full Text »    PDF »
Shift from Hippocampal to Neocortical Centered Retrieval Network with Consolidation.
A. Takashima, I. L.C. Nieuwenhuis, O. Jensen, L. M. Talamini, M. Rijpkema, and G. Fernandez (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 10087-10093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stressed Memories: How Acute Stress Affects Memory Formation in Humans.
M. J. A. G. Henckens, E. J. Hermans, Z. Pu, M. Joels, and G. Fernandez (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 10111-10119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Which Way Do I Go? Neural Activation in Response to Feedback and Spatial Processing in a Virtual T-Maze.
T. E. Baker and C. B. Holroyd (2009)
Cereb Cortex 19, 1708-1722
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Layer 6 of V2 Visual Cortex in Object-Recognition Memory.
M. F. Lopez-Aranda, J. F. Lopez-Tellez, I. Navarro-Lobato, M. Masmudi-Martin, A. Gutierrez, and Z. U. Khan (2009)
Science 325, 87-89
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of the Human Hippocampus in Odor-Place Associative Memory.
N. J. Goodrich-Hunsaker, P. E. Gilbert, and R. O. Hopkins (2009)
Chem Senses 34, 513-521
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lateralized spatial and object memory encoding in entorhinal and perirhinal cortices.
P. S.F. Bellgowan, E. A. Buffalo, J. Bodurka, and A. Martin (2009)
Learn. Mem. 16, 433-438
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Eye Tracking During a Visual Paired Comparison Task as a Predictor of Early Dementia.
M. D. Crutcher, R. Calhoun-Haney, C. M. Manzanares, J. J. Lah, A. I. Levey, and S. M. Zola (2009)
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias 24, 258-266
   Abstract »    PDF »
Distinct patterns of brain activity in young carriers of the APOE-{varepsilon}4 allele.
N. Filippini, B. J. MacIntosh, M. G. Hough, G. M. Goodwin, G. B. Frisoni, S. M. Smith, P. M. Matthews, C. F. Beckmann, and C. E. Mackay (2009)
PNAS 106, 7209-7214
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network Dynamics Underlying the Formation of Sparse, Informative Representations in the Hippocampus.
M. P. Karlsson and L. M. Frank (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 14271-14281
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of memory and language impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy.
C. R. McDonald, M. E. Ahmadi, D. J. Hagler, E. S. Tecoma, V. J. Iragui, L. Gharapetian, A. M. Dale, and E. Halgren (2008)
Neurology 71, 1869-1876
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Medial temporal lobe BOLD activity at rest predicts individual differences in memory ability in healthy young adults.
G. S. Wig, S. T. Grafton, K. E. Demos, G. L. Wolford, S. E. Petersen, and W. M. Kelley (2008)
PNAS 105, 18555-18560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissociable Roles for Cortical and Subcortical Structures in Memory Retrieval and Acquisition.
A. S. Mitchell, P. G. F. Browning, C. R. E. Wilson, M. G. Baxter, and D. Gaffan (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 8387-8396
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying associative memory.
T. Osada, Y. Adachi, H. M Kimura, and Y. Miyashita (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 2187-2199
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Learning and Generalization Tasks Predict Short-Term Cognitive Outcome in Nondemented Elderly.
C. E. Myers, A. Kluger, J. Golomb, M. A. Gluck, and S. Ferris (2008)
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 21, 93-103
   Abstract »    PDF »
Preoperative fMRI predicts memory decline following anterior temporal lobe resection.
H W R Powell, M P Richardson, M R Symms, P A Boulby, P J Thompson, J S Duncan, and M J Koepp (2008)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 79, 686-693
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A human intracranial study of long-range oscillatory coherence across a frontal-occipital-hippocampal brain network during visual object processing.
P. Sehatpour, S. Molholm, T. H. Schwartz, J. R. Mahoney, A. D. Mehta, D. C. Javitt, P. K. Stanton, and J. J. Foxe (2008)
PNAS 105, 4399-4404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The medial temporal lobe and visual working memory: Comparisons across tasks, delays, and visual similarity.
Y. EZZYAT and I. R. OLSON (2008)
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 8, 32-40
   Abstract »    PDF »
Toward a Model of Memory Enhancement in Schizophrenia: Glucose Administration and Hippocampal Function.
W. S. Stone and L. J. Seidman (2008)
Schizophr Bull 34, 93-108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sleep transforms the cerebral trace of declarative memories.
S. Gais, G. Albouy, M. Boly, T. T. Dang-Vu, A. Darsaud, M. Desseilles, G. Rauchs, M. Schabus, V. Sterpenich, G. Vandewalle, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 18778-18783
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell-Type Specific Modulation of Intrinsic Firing Properties and Subthreshold Membrane Oscillations by the M(Kv7)-Current in Neurons of the Entorhinal Cortex.
M. Yoshida and A. Alonso (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 2779-2794
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plastic Phase-Locking and Magnetic Mismatch Response to Auditory Deviants in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
Y.-Y. Lin, F.-J. Hsiao, Y.-H. Shih, C.-H. Yiu, D.-J. Yen, S.-Y. Kwan, T.-T. Wong, Z.-A. Wu, and L.-T. Ho (2007)
Cereb Cortex 17, 2516-2525
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Top Down Attentional Deficits in Macaques with Lesions of Lateral Prefrontal Cortex.
A. F. Rossi, N. P. Bichot, R. Desimone, and L. G. Ungerleider (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 11306-11314
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caloric Restriction Increases Learning Consolidation and Facilitates Synaptic Plasticity through Mechanisms Dependent on NR2B Subunits of the NMDA Receptor.
A. Fontan-Lozano, J. L. Saez-Cassanelli, M. C. Inda, M. de los Santos-Arteaga, S. A. Sierra-Dominguez, G. Lopez-Lluch, J. M. Delgado-Garcia, and A. M. Carrion (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 10185-10195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hippocampal Shape Analysis of Alzheimer Disease Based on Machine Learning Methods.
S. Li, F. Shi, F. Pu, X. Li, T. Jiang, S. Xie, and Y. Wang (2007)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 28, 1339-1345
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rats depend on habit memory for discrimination learning and retention.
N. J. Broadbent, L. R. Squire, and R. E. Clark (2007)
Learn. Mem. 14, 145-151
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perceptual Functions of Perirhinal Cortex in Rats: Zero-Delay Object Recognition and Simultaneous Oddity Discriminations.
S. J. Bartko, B. D. Winters, R. A. Cowell, L. M. Saksida, and T. J. Bussey (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 2548-2559
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spatial navigation deficit in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
J. Hort, J. Laczo, M. Vyhnalek, M. Bojar, J. Bures, and K. Vlcek (2007)
PNAS 104, 4042-4047
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association fibre pathways of the brain: parallel observations from diffusion spectrum imaging and autoradiography.
J. D. Schmahmann, D. N. Pandya, R. Wang, G. Dai, H. E. D'Arceuil, A. J. de Crespigny, and V. J. Wedeen (2007)
Brain 130, 630-653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spatial memory and the human hippocampus.
Y. Shrager, P. J. Bayley, B. Bontempi, R. O. Hopkins, and L. R. Squire (2007)
PNAS 104, 2961-2966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impairment and Facilitation of Transverse Patterning after Lesions of the Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus, Respectively.
L. M. Saksida, T. J. Bussey, C. A. Buckmaster, and E. A. Murray (2007)
Cereb Cortex 17, 108-115
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Time-Dependent, Layer-Specific Modulation of Sensory Responses Mediated by Neocortical Layer 1.
D. Shlosberg, Y. Amitai, and R. Azouz (2006)
J Neurophysiol 96, 3170-3182
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effect of anticipation and the specificity of sex differences for amygdala and hippocampus function in emotional memory.
K. L. Mackiewicz, I. Sarinopoulos, K. L. Cleven, and J. B. Nitschke (2006)
PNAS 103, 14200-14205
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Abnormal categorization and perceptual learning in patients with hippocampal damage..
K. S. Graham, V. L. Scahill, M. Hornberger, M. D. Barense, A. C. H. Lee, T. J. Bussey, and L. M. Saksida (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 7547-7554
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Limbic Tract Anomalies in Pediatric Myelomeningocele and Chiari II Malformation: Anatomic Correlations with Memory and Learning--Initial Investigation..
B. Vachha, R. C. Adams, and N. K. Rollins (2006)
Radiology 240, 194-202
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hippocampal disconnection contributes to memory dysfunction in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
T. R. Stoub, L. deToledo-Morrell, G. T. Stebbins, S. Leurgans, D. A. Bennett, and R. C. Shah (2006)
PNAS 103, 10041-10045
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hippocampal slow oscillation: a novel EEG state and its coordination with ongoing neocortical activity..
T. Wolansky, E. A. Clement, S. R. Peters, M. A. Palczak, and C. T. Dickson (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6213-6229
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Storage in Aplysia.
R. D. Hawkins, E. R. Kandel, and C. H. Bailey (2006)
Biol. Bull. 210, 174-191
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perirhinal cortex and feature-ambiguous discriminations..
T. J. Bussey, L. M. Saksida, and E. A. Murray (2006)
Learn. Mem. 13, 103-105
   Full Text »    PDF »
Intact visual perception in memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe lesions..
Y. Shrager, J. J. Gold, R. O. Hopkins, and L. R. Squire (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 2235-2240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Left hippocampal pathology is associated with atypical language lateralization in patients with focal epilepsy.
B. Weber, J. Wellmer, M. Reuber, F. Mormann, S. Weis, H. Urbach, J. Ruhlmann, C. E. Elger, and G. Fernandez (2006)
Brain 129, 346-351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct Morphological Stages of Dentate Granule Neuron Maturation in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus.
C. Zhao, E. M. Teng, R. G. Summers Jr, G.-l. Ming, and F. H. Gage (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 3-11
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Whole-Brain Morphometric Study of Schizophrenia Revealing a Spatially Complex Set of Focal Abnormalities.
C. Davatzikos, D. Shen, R. C. Gur, X. Wu, D. Liu, Y. Fan, P. Hughett, B. I. Turetsky, and R. E. Gur (2005)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, 1218-1227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Functional and Temporal Characteristics of Top-down Modulation in Visual Selection.
M. Rose, C. Schmid, A. Winzen, T. Sommer, and C. Buchel (2005)
Cereb Cortex 15, 1290-1298
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Encoding and the Durability of Episodic Memory: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
M. R. Uncapher and M. D. Rugg (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 7260-7267
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Slow and Fast Inhibition and an H-Current Interact to Create a Theta Rhythm in a Model of CA1 Interneuron Network.
H. G. Rotstein, D. D. Pervouchine, C. D. Acker, M. J. Gillies, J. A. White, E. H. Buhl, M. A. Whittington, and N. Kopell (2005)
J Neurophysiol 94, 1509-1518
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increasing the power of functional maps of the medial temporal lobe by using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping.
M. I. Miller, M. F. Beg, C. Ceritoglu, and C. Stark (2005)
PNAS 102, 9685-9690
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease.
R Vandenberghe and J Tournoy (2005)
Postgrad. Med. J. 81, 343-352
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MRI predictors of risk of incident Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study.
T. R. Stoub, M. Bulgakova, S. Leurgans, D. A. Bennett, D. Fleischman, D. A. Turner, and L. deToledo-Morrell (2005)
Neurology 64, 1520-1524
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization.
M. Petrides (2005)
Phil Trans R Soc B 360, 781-795
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Memory encoding in Alzheimer's disease: an fMRI study of explicit and implicit memory.
A. Golby, G. Silverberg, E. Race, S. Gabrieli, J. O'Shea, K. Knierim, G. Stebbins, and J. Gabrieli (2005)
Brain 128, 773-787
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intact visual discrimination of complex and feature-ambiguous stimuli in the absence of perirhinal cortex.
D. A. Levy, Y. Shrager, and L. R. Squire (2005)
Learn. Mem. 12, 61-66
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effect of midazolam on visual search: Implications for understanding amnesia.
H. Park, J. Quinlan, E. Thornton, and L. M. Reder (2004)
PNAS 101, 17879-17883
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perirhinal and Postrhinal Contributions to Remote Memory for Context.
R. D. Burwell, D. J. Bucci, M. R. Sanborn, and M. J. Jutras (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 11023-11028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Excitability Compensates for High-Pressure-Induced Depression of Cortical Inputs to the Hippocampus.
A. E. Talpalar and Y. Grossman (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 3309-3319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Medial Temporal Hypoperfusion and Aggression in Alzheimer Disease.
K. L. Lanctot, N. Herrmann, N. K. Nadkarni, F. S. Leibovitch, C. B. Caldwell, and S. E. Black (2004)
Arch Neurol 61, 1731-1737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pre-operative verbal memory fMRI predicts post-operative memory decline after left temporal lobe resection.
M. P. Richardson, B. A. Strange, P. J. Thompson, S. A. Baxendale, J. S. Duncan, and R. J. Dolan (2004)
Brain 127, 2419-2426
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cognitive Memory: Cellular and Network Machineries and Their Top-Down Control.
Y. Miyashita (2004)
Science 306, 435-440
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional MRI predicts post-surgical memory following temporal lobectomy.
M. L. Rabin, V. M. Narayan, D. Y. Kimberg, D. J. Casasanto, G. Glosser, J. I. Tracy, J. A. French, M. R. Sperling, and J. A. Detre (2004)
Brain 127, 2286-2298
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amygdala stimulation modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
K. Nakao, K. Matsuyama, N. Matsuki, and Y. Ikegaya (2004)
PNAS 101, 14270-14275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cerebellar Stroke Impairs Temporal but not Spatial Accuracy during Implicit Motor Learning.
L. A. Boyd and C. J. Winstein (2004)
Neurorehabil Neural Repair 18, 134-143
   Abstract »    PDF »
Hippocampal Plasticity across Multiple Days of Exposure to Novel Environments.
L. M. Frank, G. B. Stanley, and E. N. Brown (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 7681-7689
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Voxel-Based Morphometry Reveals Gray Matter Network Atrophy in Refractory Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
L. Bonilha, C. Rorden, G. Castellano, F. Pereira, P. A. Rio, F. Cendes, and L. M. Li (2004)
Arch Neurol 61, 1379-1384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Ventral Striatum in Off-Line Processing: Ensemble Reactivation during Sleep and Modulation by Hippocampal Ripples.
C. M. A. Pennartz, E. Lee, J. Verheul, P. Lipa, C. A. Barnes, and B. L. McNaughton (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 6446-6456
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Double Dissociation between the Effects of Peri-Postrhinal Cortex and Hippocampal Lesions on Tests of Object Recognition and Spatial Memory: Heterogeneity of Function within the Temporal Lobe.
B. D. Winters, S. E. Forwood, R. A. Cowell, L. M. Saksida, and T. J. Bussey (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 5901-5908
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuropsychological effects associated with temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy depending on Wada test failure.
M E Lacruz, G Alarcon, N Akanuma, F C K Lum, N Kissani, M Koutroumanidis, N Adachi, C D Binnie, C E Polkey, and R G Morris (2004)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75, 600-607
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prefrontal Cortex Asymmetry for Memory Encoding of Words and Abstract Shapes.
A. Floel, D. Poeppel, E. A. Buffalo, A. Braun, C. W.-H. Wu, H.-J. Seo, K. Stefan, S. Knecht, and L. G. Cohen (2004)
Cereb Cortex 14, 404-409
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-related cortical grey matter reductions in non-demented Down's syndrome adults determined by MRI with voxel-based morphometry.
S. J. Teipel, G. E. Alexander, M. B. Schapiro, H.-J. Moller, S. I. Rapoport, and H. Hampel (2004)
Brain 127, 811-824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Parahippocampal Gyrus in the Baboon: Anatomical, Cytoarchitectonic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Studies.
X. Blaizot, A. Martinez-Marcos, M. d. M. Arroyo-Jimenez, P. Marcos, E. Artacho-Perula, M. Munoz, C. Chavoix, and R. Insausti (2004)
Cereb Cortex 14, 231-246
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Relevance of the Nature of Learned Associations for the Differentiation of Human Memory Systems.
M. Rose, H. Haider, C. Weiller, and C. Buchel (2004)
Learn. Mem. 11, 145-152
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Higher atrophy rate of entorhinal cortex than hippocampus in AD.
A. T. Du, N. Schuff, J. H. Kramer, S. Ganzer, X. P. Zhu, W. J. Jagust, B. L. Miller, B. R. Reed, D. Mungas, K. Yaffe, et al. (2004)
Neurology 62, 422-427
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Shrinkage of the Entorhinal Cortex over Five Years Predicts Memory Performance in Healthy Adults.
K. M. Rodrigue and N. Raz (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 956-963
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Medial temporal lobe atrophy in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.
L Bonilha, E Kobayashi, C Rorden, F Cendes, and L M Li (2003)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 74, 1627-1630
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of Rat Corticohippocampal Synaptic Activity by High Pressure and Extracellular Calcium: Single and Frequency Responses.
A. E. Talpalar and Y. Grossman (2003)
J Neurophysiol 90, 2106-2114
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interactions Between Membrane Conductances Underlying Thalamocortical Slow-Wave Oscillations.
A. DESTEXHE and T. J. SEJNOWSKI (2003)
Physiol Rev 83, 1401-1453
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissociating atrophy and hypometabolism impact on episodic memory in mild cognitive impairment.
G. Chetelat, B. Desgranges, V. de la Sayette, F. Viader, K. Berkouk, B. Landeau, C. Lalevee, F. Le Doze, B. Dupuy, D. Hannequin, et al. (2003)
Brain 126, 1955-1967
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in the Parahippocampal Cortex of Monkeys.
N. Sato and K. Nakamura (2003)
J Neurophysiol 90, 876-886
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-related Changes in Brain Regional Activity during Chewing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
M. Onozuka, M. Fujita, K. Watanabe, Y. Hirano, M. Niwa, K. Nishiyama, and S. Saito (2003)
Journal of Dental Research 82, 657-660
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Individual Differences in the Expression of a "General" Learning Ability in Mice.
L. D. Matzel, Y. R. Han, H. Grossman, M. S. Karnik, D. Patel, N. Scott, S. M. Specht, and C. C. Gandhi (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 6423-6433
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cyclic Estrogen Replacement Improves Cognitive Function in Aged Ovariectomized Rhesus Monkeys.
P. R. Rapp, J. H. Morrison, and J. A. Roberts (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 5708-5714
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aging affects the engagement of the hippocampus during autobiographical memory retrieval.
E. A. Maguire and C. D. Frith (2003)
Brain 126, 1511-1523
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Source versus content memory in patients with a unilateral frontal cortex or a temporal lobe excision.
L. Thaiss and M. Petrides (2003)
Brain 126, 1112-1126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhancement of Declarative Memory by Emotional Arousal and Visual Memory Function in Alzheimer's Disease.
H. Kazui, E. Mori, M. Hashimoto, and N. Hirono (2003)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 15, 221-226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amygdala Input Promotes Spread of Excitatory Neural Activity From Perirhinal Cortex to the Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit.
R. Kajiwara, I. Takashima, Y. Mimura, M. P. Witter, and T. Iijima (2003)
J Neurophysiol 89, 2176-2184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex.
Y. Naya, M. Yoshida, and Y. Miyashita (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 2861-2871
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anatomical organization of forward fiber projections from area TE to perirhinal neurons representing visual long-term memory in monkeys.
M. Yoshida, Y. Naya, and Y. Miyashita (2003)
PNAS 100, 4257-4262
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cholinergic plasticity in the hippocampus.
L. L. Colgin, D. Kubota, and G. Lynch (2003)
PNAS 100, 2872-2877
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reduced glucose tolerance is associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among normal elderly.
A. Convit, O. T. Wolf, C. Tarshish, and M. J. de Leon (2003)
PNAS 100, 2019-2022
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibitory Effect of Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptors on Human Explicit Memory.
F. Yasuno, T. Suhara, T. Nakayama, T. Ichimiya, Y. Okubo, A. Takano, T. Ando, M. Inoue, J. Maeda, and K. Suzuki (2003)
Am J Psychiatry 160, 334-340
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Relation between medial temporal atrophy and functional brain activity during memory processing in Alzheimer's disease: a combined MRI and SPECT study.
G E J Garrido, S S Furuie, C A Buchpiguel, C M C Bottino, O P Almeida, C G Cid, C H P Camargo, C C Castro, M F Glabus, and G F Busatto (2002)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 73, 508-516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Abnormal verbal event related potentials in mild cognitive impairment and incipient Alzheimer's disease.
J M Olichney, S K Morris, C Ochoa, D P Salmon, L J Thal, M Kutas, and V J Iragui (2002)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 73, 377-384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cognitive decline in AD and mild cognitive impairment is associated with global brain damage.
W. M. van der Flier, D.M. J. van den Heuvel, A.W. E. Weverling-Rijnsburger, A. Spilt, E.L.E. M. Bollen, R.G. J. Westendorp, H.A. M. Middelkoop, and M. A. van Buchem (2002)
Neurology 59, 874-879
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)