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Science 17 November 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5802, pp. 1154 - 1156
DOI: 10.1126/science.1132491
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Reports

The Psychological Consequences of Money

Kathleen D. Vohs,1* Nicole L. Mead,2 Miranda R. Goode3

Money has been said to change people's motivation (mainly for the better) and their behavior toward others (mainly for the worse). The results of nine experiments suggest that money brings about a self-sufficient orientation in which people prefer to be free of dependency and dependents. Reminders of money, relative to nonmoney reminders, led to reduced requests for help and reduced helpfulness toward others. Relative to participants primed with neutral concepts, participants primed with money preferred to play alone, work alone, and put more physical distance between themselves and a new acquaintance.

1 Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 3-150 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
2 Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasse, FL 32306–4301, USA.
3 Marketing Division, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kvohs{at}csom.umn.edu

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness.
E. W. Dunn, L. B. Aknin, and M. I. Norton (2008)
Science 319, 1687-1688
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)