Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Submitted on February 25, 2008
Accepted on July 2, 2008
Plant Immunity Requires Conformational Changes of NPR1 via S-Nitrosylation and Thioredoxins
Yasuomi Tada 1,Steven H. Spoel 1,Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar 1,Zhonglin Mou 2,Junqi Song 1,Xinnian Dong 1*
1 Department of Biology, P.O. Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. 2 Present address: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, P.O. Box 110700, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.; Department of Biology, P.O. Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Xinnian Dong , E-mail: xdong{at}duke.edu
Changes in redox status have been observed during immune responsesin different organisms, but the associated signaling mechanismsare poorly understood. In plants, these redox changes regulatethe conformation of NPR1, a master regulator of salicylic acid(SA)–mediated defense genes. NPR1 is sequestered in thecytoplasm as an oligomer through intermolecular disulfide bonds.We report that S-nitrosylation of NPR1 by S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO) at Cys156 facilitates its oligomerization, which maintainsprotein homeostasis upon SA induction. Conversely, the SA-inducedNPR1 oligomer-to-monomer reaction is catalyzed by thioredoxins(TRX). Mutants in both NPR1 Cys156 and TRX compromised NPR1-mediateddisease resistance. Thus, the regulation of NPR1 is throughopposing action of GSNO and TRX. These findings suggest a linkbetween pathogen-triggered redox changes and gene regulationin plant immunity.
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Signaling
EDITORS' CHOICE
Laura M. Zahn (19 August 2008) Sci. Signal.1 (33), ec298.
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.133ec298] |Abstract »
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Specific Targeting of the Arabidopsis Resistance Protein RPW8.2 to the Interfacial Membrane Encasing the Fungal Haustorium Renders Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Powdery Mildew.
Nuclear Pore Complex Component MOS7/Nup88 Is Required for Innate Immunity and Nuclear Accumulation of Defense Regulators in Arabidopsis.
Y. T. Cheng, H. Germain, M. Wiermer, D. Bi, F. Xu, A. V. Garcia, L. Wirthmueller, C. Despres, J. E. Parker, Y. Zhang, et al. (2009)
PLANT CELL
21, 2503-2516
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 Repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 Expression to Negatively Regulate Plant Innate Immunity in Arabidopsis.
H. Chen, L. Xue, S. Chintamanani, H. Germain, H. Lin, H. Cui, R. Cai, J. Zuo, X. Tang, X. Li, et al. (2009)
PLANT CELL
21, 2527-2540
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of Arabidopsis 6-Phosphogluconolactonase T-DNA Insertion Mutants Reveals an Essential Role for the Oxidative Section of the Plastidic Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Plant Growth and Development.
Y. Xiong, C. DeFraia, D. Williams, X. Zhang, and Z. Mou (2009)
Plant Cell Physiol.
50, 1277-1291
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Heat-Shock and Redox-Dependent Functional Switching of an h-Type Arabidopsis Thioredoxin from a Disulfide Reductase to a Molecular Chaperone.
S. K. Park, Y. J. Jung, J. R. Lee, Y. M. Lee, H. H. Jang, S. S. Lee, J. H. Park, S. Y. Kim, J. C. Moon, S. Y. Lee, et al. (2009)
Plant Physiology
150, 552-561
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Pyridine Nucleotide Cycling and Control of Intracellular Redox State in Relation to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activity and Nuclear Localization of Glutathione during Exponential Growth of Arabidopsis Cells in Culture.
T. K. Pellny, V. Locato, P. D. Vivancos, J. Markovic, L. De Gara, F. V. Pallardo, and C. H. Foyer (2009)
Mol Plant
2, 442-456
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Endogenous S-nitrosothiols protect against myocardial injury.
B. Lima, G. K. W. Lam, L. Xie, D. L. Diesen, N. Villamizar, J. Nienaber, E. Messina, D. Bowles, C. D. Kontos, J. M. Hare, et al. (2009)
PNAS
106, 6297-6302
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Ethylene Modulates the Role of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 in Cross Talk between Salicylate and Jasmonate Signaling.
A. Leon-Reyes, S. H. Spoel, E. S. De Lange, H. Abe, M. Kobayashi, S. Tsuda, F. F. Millenaar, R. A.M. Welschen, T. Ritsema, and C. M.J. Pieterse (2009)
Plant Physiology
149, 1797-1809
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Temporal Global Expression Data Reveal Known and Novel Salicylate-Impacted Processes and Regulators Mediating Powdery Mildew Growth and Reproduction on Arabidopsis.
D. Chandran, Y. C. Tai, G. Hather, J. Dewdney, C. Denoux, D. G. Burgess, F. M. Ausubel, T. P. Speed, and M. C. Wildermuth (2009)
Plant Physiology
149, 1435-1451
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Nuclear Activity of ROXY1, a Glutaredoxin Interacting with TGA Factors, Is Required for Petal Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
S. Li, A. Lauri, M. Ziemann, A. Busch, M. Bhave, and S. Zachgo (2009)
PLANT CELL
21, 429-441
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
S-Nitrosylation of AtSABP3 Antagonizes the Expression of Plant Immunity.
Y.-Q. Wang, A. Feechan, B.-W. Yun, R. Shafiei, A. Hofmann, P. Taylor, P. Xue, F.-Q. Yang, Z.-S. Xie, J. A. Pallas, et al. (2009)
J. Biol. Chem.
284, 2131-2137
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Blufensin1 Negatively Impacts Basal Defense in Response to Barley Powdery Mildew.
Y. Meng, M. J. Moscou, and R. P. Wise (2009)
Plant Physiology
149, 271-285
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
