This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 April 2004: 13.
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Editorial:
Just Treat, or Enhance?

Donald Kennedy
Science 2 April 2004: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 April 2004: 18.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 2 April 2004: 23.
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 NEW PRODUCTS

Science 2 April 2004: 119.

News of the Week

ITER:
Stalemate Casts Pall Over Beleaguered Fusion Project

Daniel Clery
Science 2 April 2004: 26-27.
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RESEARCH GRANTS:
NSF Gives Smithsonian Researchers a Green Light

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 2 April 2004: 26.
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INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION:
Respect for Things That Flutter, Creep, and Crawl

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 2 April 2004: 27.
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BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH:
IG Report Faults Handling of Veterans Affairs Funds

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 April 2004: 29.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER:
CIA Looks to Universities for Cutting-Edge Tools

David Malakoff
Science 2 April 2004: 30.
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CANADIAN BUDGET:
Granting Councils Gain Despite Funding Crunch

Wayne Kondro
Science 2 April 2004: 30-31.
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MARINE CONSERVATION:
U.S. Asked to Act Immediately to Protect Deep-Sea Corals

David Malakoff
Science 2 April 2004: 31.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Human Genome Sciences Retrenches, Haseltine Moves On

Eliot Marshall
Science 2 April 2004: 33.
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RADIATION EFFECTS:
U.S. Could Pull Back on Studies of Atom Bomb Survivors

David Malakoff and Dennis Normile
Science 2 April 2004: 33.
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ScienceScope

Science 2 April 2004: 29.
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Random Samples

Science 2 April 2004: 44.
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News Focus

FORGETTING AND REMEMBERING:
Learning to Forget

Greg Miller
Science 2 April 2004: 34-36.
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FORGETTING AND REMEMBERING:
A Star-Studded Search for Memory-Enhancing Drugs

Eliot Marshall
Science 2 April 2004: 36-38.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION:
On-the-Job Training Slots Open Doors, Lighten the Load

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 2 April 2004: 39.
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JAPAN:
New Law Frees Up Universities to Innovate--at Their Own Risk

Dennis Normile
Science 2 April 2004: 41.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Carbon Foam Reveals a Fleeting Magnetic Personality

Robert F. Service
Science 2 April 2004: 42.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
A Positive Spin on Semiconductors

Robert F. Service
Science 2 April 2004: 42-43.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING:
Lightning Strikes and Gammas Follow?

Kim Krieger
Science 2 April 2004: 43.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 2 April 2004: 46.
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 Ongoing Controversy over Pfiesteria

JoAnn Burkholder; and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 2 April 2004: 46-47.
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 Individual Factors in Suicide Terrorism

Adolf Tobeņa; and Scott Atran
Science 2 April 2004: 47-49.
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 "Fictive Kin" and Suicide Terrorism

Hector N. Qirko; and Scott Atran
Science 2 April 2004: 49-51.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 2 April 2004: 51.
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Books et al.

NEUROSCIENCE:
Seeing Through the Steam of Consciousness

Patrick Haggard
Science 2 April 2004: 52-53.
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BIODIVERSITY:
An Island of Evolutionary Exuberance

John G. Robinson
Science 2 April 2004: 53.
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 Books Received

Science 2 April 2004: 53.

Essays on Science and Society

BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER:
The Victorian Revolution in Surgery

J. T. H. Connor
Science 2 April 2004: 54-55.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS:
Nanomechanical Quantum Limits

Miles Blencowe
Science 2 April 2004: 56-57.
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PALEONTOLOGY:
Enhanced: From Fins to Fingers

Jennifer A. Clack
Science 2 April 2004: 57-58.
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GENOMICS AND EVOLUTION:
Shotgun Sequencing in the Sea: A Blast from the Past?

Paul G. Falkowski and Colomban de Vargas
Science 2 April 2004: 58-60.
Published online 4 March 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1097146] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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CELL BIOLOGY:
Telomere Wedding Ends in Divorce

Claus M. Azzalin and Joachim Lingner
Science 2 April 2004: 60-62.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Is There an Immortal Memory?

J. Campbell Scott
Science 2 April 2004: 62-63.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
The Fat-Brain Axis Enters a New Dimension

Joel K. Elmquist and Jeffrey S. Flier
Science 2 April 2004: 63-64.
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Brevia

 How the Horned Lizard Got Its Horns

Kevin V. Young, Edmund D. Brodie, Jr., and Edmund D. Brodie, III
Science 2 April 2004: 65.
Loggerhead shrikes preferentially prey upon short-horned lizards, accounting for the evolution of lizards with large intricate horns. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea

J. Craig Venter, Karin Remington, John F. Heidelberg, Aaron L. Halpern, Doug Rusch, Jonathan A. Eisen, Dongying Wu, Ian Paulsen, Karen E. Nelson, William Nelson, Derrick E. Fouts, Samuel Levy, Anthony H. Knap, Michael W. Lomas, Ken Nealson, Owen White, Jeremy Peterson, Jeff Hoffman, Rachel Parsons, Holly Baden-Tillson, Cynthia Pfannkoch, Yu-Hui Rogers, and Hamilton O. Smith
Science 2 April 2004: 66-74.
Published online 4 March 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1093857] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Simultaneous sequence analysis of all organisms in filtered samples from the Sargasso Sea indicates the presence of over 1800 species, with unexpectedly large microbial diversity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Approaching the Quantum Limit of a Nanomechanical Resonator

M. D. LaHaye, O. Buu, B. Camarota, and K. C. Schwab
Science 2 April 2004: 74-77.
A single-electron transistor amplifies and detects Brownian motion at a resolution approaching that imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Harnessing Nonlinearity: Predicting Chaotic Systems and Saving Energy in Wireless Communication

Herbert Jaeger and Harald Haas
Science 2 April 2004: 78-80.
Simulations of nonlinear time series using connected oscillators are improved by having a large sparse net and training only those connections closest to the output. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultrafast Electron Crystallography of Interfacial Water

Chong-Yu Ruan, Vladimir A. Lobastov, Franco Vigliotti, Songye Chen, and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 2 April 2004: 80-84.
A new diffraction approach examining a thin water film as it freezes and melts reveals the formation and destruction of ice crystallites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Formation of Al₁₃I^-: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al₁₃

Denis E. Bergeron, A. Welford Castleman, Jr., Tsuguo Morisato, and Shiv N. Khanna
Science 2 April 2004: 84-87.
Clusters of 13 aluminum atoms and one iodine atom are surprisingly stable, behave like a huge halogen ion, and can serve as building blocks for larger structures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molybdenum Isotope Evidence for Widespread Anoxia in Mid-Proterozoic Oceans

G. L. Arnold, A. D. Anbar, J. Barling, and T. W. Lyons
Science 2 April 2004: 87-90.
Published online 4 March 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1091785] (in Science Express Reports)
Molybdenum isotopes in shales imply that the deep oceans were oxygen poor until about 1.4 billion years ago, in spite of the rise of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere 1 billion years earlier. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Early Evolution of the Tetrapod Humerus

Neil H. Shubin, Edward B. Daeschler, and Michael I. Coates
Science 2 April 2004: 90-93.
A fossil arm bone suggests that early tetrapods evolved in water rather than land, when fins of certain fish began to act like limbs and help support their bodies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Direct Activation of the ATM Protein Kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 Complex

Ji-Hoon Lee and Tanya T. Paull
Science 2 April 2004: 93-96.
A key kinase that helps cells survive DNA damage is activated by the binding of a protein complex, which increases the enzyme's ability to act on its targets. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Resolution of Sister Telomere Association Is Required for Progression Through Mitosis

Jasmin N. Dynek and Susan Smith
Science 2 April 2004: 97-100.
An enzyme confined to chromosome tips is required for newly duplicated chromosomes to separate and be allocated correctly to daughter cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

SUMO Modification of Huntingtin and Huntington's Disease Pathology

Joan S. Steffan, Namita Agrawal, Judit Pallos, Erica Rockabrand, Lloyd C. Trotman, Natalia Slepko, Katalin Illes, Tamas Lukacsovich, Ya-Zhen Zhu, Elena Cattaneo, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Leslie Michels Thompson, and J. Lawrence Marsh
Science 2 April 2004: 100-104.
Attaching one type of polypeptide to Huntingtin, the protein altered in Huntington's Disease, increases neural degeneration in flies, whereas attaching another type decreases it. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Development of a Human Adaptive Immune System in Cord Blood Cell-Transplanted Mice

Elisabetta Traggiai, Laurie Chicha, Luca Mazzucchelli, Lucio Bronz, Jean-Claude Piffaretti, Antonio Lanzavecchia, and Markus G. Manz
Science 2 April 2004: 104-107.
Stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord can be introduced into immune-deficient mice to reconstitute the human immune system for controlled study. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Trophic Action of Leptin on Hypothalamic Neurons That Regulate Feeding

Sebastien G. Bouret, Shin J. Draper, and Richard B. Simerly
Science 2 April 2004: 108-110.
The hormone leptin, known to regulate adult body weight by acting on a brain circuit that controls feeding, is also required in young animals for normal maturation of that circuit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Rewiring of Arcuate Nucleus Feeding Circuits by Leptin

Shirly Pinto, Aaron G. Roseberry, Hongyan Liu, Sabrina Diano, Marya Shanabrough, Xiaoli Cai, Jeffrey M. Friedman, and Tamas L. Horvath
Science 2 April 2004: 110-115.
The hormone leptin causes rapid rewiring of synaptic connections in the feeding circuit of the brain, possibly accounting for its effect on eating behavior. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Contextually Evoked Object-Specific Responses in Human Visual Cortex

David Cox, Ethan Meyers, and Pawan Sinha
Science 2 April 2004: 115-117.
The face-responsive part of the brain also is activated by an image that only implies the existence of a face, such as a photo of a person in which the face has been blurred. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "A Reservoir of Nitrate Beneath Desert Soils"

R. B. Jackson, S. T. Berthrong, C. W. Cook, E. G. Jobbágy, and R. L. McCulley
Science 2 April 2004: 51.
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 Response to Comment on "A Reservoir of Nitrate Beneath Desert Soils"

Michelle A. Walvoord, Fred M. Phillips, David A. Stonestrom, R. Dave Evans, Peter C. Hartsough, Brent D. Newman, and Robert G. Striegl
Science 2 April 2004: 51.
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