Drug Discovery: Big Risks, Big Rewards

Pharma Goes to Work

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 721.
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News

The Hunt for a New Drug: Five Views From the Inside

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 722.
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Boston Means Business for Drug Companies

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 723.
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It's Still a Man's World at the Top of Big Pharma Research

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 724.
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Productivity Counts--But the Definition Is Key

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 726.
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I See You've Worked at Merck …

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 29 July 2005: 727.
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The Brains Behind Blockbusters

Jennifer Couzin
Science 29 July 2005: 728.
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Saving the Mind Faces High Hurdles

John Travis
Science 29 July 2005: 731.
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Pharma Moves Ahead Cautiously in China

Yidong Gong
Science 29 July 2005: 735.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 29 July 2005: 665.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Sending Pharma Better Signals

Jerry Avorn
Science 29 July 2005: 669.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 29 July 2005: 671.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 29 July 2005: 677.
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New Products

Science 29 July 2005: 791.
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News of the Week

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY:
Controversial Study Finds an Unexpected Source of Oocytes

Gretchen Vogel
Science 29 July 2005: 678-679.
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PALEONTOLOGY:
Dinosaur Embryos Hint at Evolution of Giants

Erik Stokstad
Science 29 July 2005: 679.
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EVOLUTION:
Rogue Fruit Fly DNA Offers Protection From Insecticides

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 29 July 2005: 681.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION:
Two Mines in Running for Underground Lab

Adrian Cho
Science 29 July 2005: 682.
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BIODEFENSE:
U.S. University Backs Out of Biolab Bid

Andrew Lawler
Science 29 July 2005: 682.
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TISSUE ENGINEERING:
Technique Uses Body as 'Bioreactor' to Grow New Bone

Robert F. Service
Science 29 July 2005: 683.
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VETERANS AFFAIRS:
Gene Bank Proposal Draws Support--and a Competitor

Jennifer Couzin
Science 29 July 2005: 684-685.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA:
WHO Faults China for Lax Outbreak Response

Dennis Normile
Science 29 July 2005: 684.
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COSMIC-RAY PHYSICS:
New Array Takes Measure of Energy Dispute

Adrian Cho
Science 29 July 2005: 685-687.
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CLIMATE CHANGE:
El Niño or La Niña? The Past Hints at the Future

Richard A. Kerr
Science 29 July 2005: 687.
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ScienceScope

Science 29 July 2005: 681.
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Random Samples

Science 29 July 2005: 696.
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News Focus

FOREST CONSERVATION:
Learning to Adapt

Erik Stokstad
Science 29 July 2005: 688-690.
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RALPH CICERONE INTERVIEW:
New National Academy Head Is No Stranger to Spotlight

Eli Kintisch
Science 29 July 2005: 691.
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GENOMICS:
Tackling the Cancer Genome

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 29 July 2005: 693.
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ANIMAL BEHAVIOR:
Strong Personalities Can Pose Problems in the Mating Game

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 29 July 2005: 694-695.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 29 July 2005: 698.
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 Sound Advice or Just Plain Absurd?

David Johns
Science 29 July 2005: 698.
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 A European Perspective on ID

Ejnar J. Fjerdingstad
Science 29 July 2005: 698.
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 Getting the Right Info out to the Public

Jerry Rapp
Science 29 July 2005: 698.
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 Treating Medieval Manuscripts as Fossils

Nicholas D. Pyenson, Lewis Pyenson;, Eltjo Buringh;, and John L. Cisne
Science 29 July 2005: 698-701.
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 Human Hierarchies, Health, and IQ

Ian J. Deary, David Batty, Linda S. Gottfredson;, and Robert M. Sapolsky
Science 29 July 2005: 703.
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Books et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY:
A Comparative Look at Governing Science

Julian Kinderlerer
Science 29 July 2005: 704-706.
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PSYCHOLOGY:
We're Not Fred or Wilma

Johan J. Bolhuis
Science 29 July 2005: 706.
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Books Received

Science 29 July 2005: 706.
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Books Received

Science 12 August 2005: 1019.
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Policy Forum

OCEANS:
U.S. Ocean Fish Recovery: Staying the Course

Carl Safina, Andrew A. Rosenberg, Ransom A. Myers, Terrance J. Quinn II, and Jeremy S. Collie
Science 29 July 2005: 707-708.
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Perspectives

MICROBIOLOGY:
Enhanced: Translocation of Anthrax Toxin: Lord of the Rings

Gunnar von Heijne
Science 29 July 2005: 709-710.
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PHYSICS:
Logical Spectroscopy

Ekkehard Peik
Science 29 July 2005: 710-711.
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PSYCHOLOGY:
Conditioned Fear of a Face: A Prelude to Ethnic Enmity?

Arne Öhman
Science 29 July 2005: 711-713.
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CHEMISTRY:
Oxygen Vacancies and Catalysis on Ceria Surfaces

Charles T. Campbell and Charles H. F. Peden
Science 29 July 2005: 713-714.
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ASTRONOMY:
Very Energetic Gamma Rays from Microblazars

Wei Cui
Science 29 July 2005: 714-715.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 29 July 2005: 716-719.
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Brevia

Courting Bird Sings with Stridulating Wing Feathers

Kimberly S. Bostwick and Richard O. Prum
Science 29 July 2005: 736.
In a process similar to insect stridulation, a tropical bird rubs its wing feathers over its back to produce ticking and ringing sounds that serve as courtship signals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Supernova Olivine from Cometary Dust

Scott Messenger, Lindsay P. Keller, and Dante S. Lauretta
Science 29 July 2005: 737-741.
Published online 30 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109602] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An aggregate of many small iron-rich silicate crystals in an interplanetary dust particle probably formed in a type II supernova and remained only briefly in the interstellar medium. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cytokinin Oxidase Regulates Rice Grain Production

Motoyuki Ashikari, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Shaoyang Lin, Toshio Yamamoto, Tomonori Takashi, Asuka Nishimura, Enrique R. Angeles, Qian Qian, Hidemi Kitano, and Makoto Matsuoka
Science 29 July 2005: 741-745.
Published online 23 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113373] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The addition of genetic loci favoring greater seed production and shorter plants significantly improves the yield of a strain of rice. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays Associated with an X-ray Binary

F. Aharonian, A. G. Akhperjanian, K.-M. Aye, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, D. Berge, P. Berghaus, K. Bernlöhr, C. Boisson, O. Bolz, V. Borrel, I. Braun, F. Breitling, A. M. Brown, J. Bussons Gordo, P. M. Chadwick, L.-M. Chounet, R. Cornils, L. Costamante, B. Degrange, H. J. Dickinson, A. Djannati-Ataï, L. O'C. Drury, G. Dubus, D. Emmanoulopoulos, P. Espigat, F. Feinstein, P. Fleury, G. Fontaine, Y. Fuchs, S. Funk, Y. A. Gallant, B. Giebels, S. Gillessen, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goret, C. Hadjichristidis, M. Hauser, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, M. Holleran, D. Horns, A. Jacholkowska, O. C. de Jager, B. Khélifi, Nu. Komin, A. Konopelko, I. J. Latham, R. Le Gallou, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, N. Leroy, T. Lohse, A. Marcowith, J.-M. Martin, O. Martineau-Huynh, C. Masterson, T. J. L. McComb, M. de Naurois, S. J. Nolan, A. Noutsos, K. J. Orford, J. L. Osborne, M. Ouchrif, M. Panter, G. Pelletier, S. Pita, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, B. C. Raubenheimer, M. Raue, J. Raux, S. M. Rayner, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, J. Ripken, L. Rob, L. Rolland, G. Rowell, V. Sahakian, L. Saugé, S. Schlenker, R. Schlickeiser, C. Schuster, U. Schwanke, M. Siewert, H. Sol, D. Spangler, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, J.-P. Tavernet, R. Terrier, C. G. Théoret, M. Tluczykont, G. Vasileiadis, C. Venter, P. Vincent, H. J. Völk, and S. J. Wagner
Science 29 July 2005: 746-749.
Published online 7 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1113764] (in Science Express Reports)
Gamma rays emitted from an x-ray binary star suggest that these systems are accelerating particles to energies as high as those in the massive, bright central regions of some galaxies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spectroscopy Using Quantum Logic

P. O. Schmidt, T. Rosenband, C. Langer, W. M. Itano, J. C. Bergquist, and D. J. Wineland
Science 29 July 2005: 749-752.
Coupling an ion that can be cooled by lasers to one that cannot allows high-precision spectroscopy of any element and can provide atomic clocks. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Electron Localization Determines Defect Formation on Ceria Substrates

Friedrich Esch, Stefano Fabris, Ling Zhou, Tiziano Montini, Cristina Africh, Paolo Fornasiero, Giovanni Comelli, and Renzo Rosei
Science 29 July 2005: 752-755.
Removal of oxygen from cerium oxide produces long lines of oxygen vacancies, exposing highly reactive, reduced Ce³⁺ cations and explaining its unusual catalytic properties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Light-Actuated Nanovalve Derived from a Channel Protein

Armagan Koçer, Martin Walko, Wim Meijberg, and Ben L. Feringa
Science 29 July 2005: 755-758.
Appending light-sensitive organic molecules to a membrane channel creates a photically reversible valve that can control permeation, of possible use in drug delivery. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Permanent El Niño-Like Conditions During the Pliocene Warm Period

Michael W. Wara, Ana Christina Ravelo, and Margaret L. Delaney
Science 29 July 2005: 758-761.
Published online 23 June 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112596] (in Science Express Reports)
Earth's warmer climate 5 million years ago appears to have led to sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean resembling those in contemporary El Niño years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Embryos of an Early Jurassic Prosauropod Dinosaur and Their Evolutionary Significance

Robert R. Reisz, Diane Scott, Hans-Dieter Sues, David C. Evans, and Michael A. Raath
Science 29 July 2005: 761-764.
Prosauropods capable of walking on two legs, extant about 190 million years ago, had quadrapedal hatchlings, possibly leading to the later evolution of quadrapedal sauropods. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Pesticide Resistance via Transposition-Mediated Adaptive Gene Truncation in Drosophila

Yael T. Aminetzach, J. Michael Macpherson, and Dmitri A. Petrov
Science 29 July 2005: 764-767.
A transposable element that confers resistance to organophosphate insecticides evolved rapidly through the world's population of fruit flies in the last 250 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of X-Chromosome Counting by Tsix and Xite Sequences

Jeannie T. Lee
Science 29 July 2005: 768-771.
Two DNA sequences are necessary for monitoring the cell's complement of X chromosomes, so that the extra one in females can be silenced. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Organization of Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Respiratory Complex I

Philip Hinchliffe and Leonid A. Sazanov
Science 29 July 2005: 771-774.
In one of the protein complexes in the energy-generating system of cells, electrons move along an 84 A path comprising seven (of nine) metal clusters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Recognition of Host Immune Activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Licheng Wu, Oscar Estrada, Olga Zaborina, Manjeet Bains, Le Shen, Jonathan E. Kohler, Nachiket Patel, Mark W. Musch, Eugene B. Chang, Yang-Xin Fu, Michael A. Jacobs, Michael I. Nishimura, Robert E. W. Hancock, Jerrold R. Turner, and John C. Alverdy
Science 29 July 2005: 774-777.
A pathogenic bacterium detects a defensive chemical released by the infected host and responds by expressing genes that boost its own virulence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Phenylalanine Clamp Catalyzes Protein Translocation Through the Anthrax Toxin Pore

Bryan A. Krantz, Roman A. Melnyk, Sen Zhang, Stephen J. Juris, D. Borden Lacy, Zhengyan Wu, Alan Finkelstein, and R. John Collier
Science 29 July 2005: 777-781.
A ring of phenylalanine residues within the transmembrane pore of anthrax protective antigen may facilitate protein translocation through the pore. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genetic Tracing Shows Segregation of Taste Neuronal Circuitries for Bitter and Sweet

Makoto Sugita and Yoshiki Shiba
Science 29 July 2005: 781-785.
Bitter and sweet tastes activate separate multineuronal pathways terminating in distinct areas of the cortex. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear

Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji, and Elizabeth A. Phelps
Science 29 July 2005: 785-787.
Although our responses to individuals of another race have aspects resembling fear responses to snakes and spiders, their magnitude can be decreased by interracial social contact. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Interneuronal Chemoreceptor Required for Olfactory Imprinting in C. elegans

Jean-Jacques Remy and Oliver Hobert
Science 29 July 2005: 787-790.
Worms acquire a long-lasting memory of an odor while young (olfactory imprinting) through changes in a particular neuron and its expression of a membrane receptor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|