Cell Signaling

Getting Your Loops Straight

L. Bryan Ray
Science 17 October 2008: 389.
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Reviews

Feedback Loops Shape Cellular Signals in Space and Time

Onn Brandman and Tobias Meyer
Science 17 October 2008: 390-395.
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Optical Switches for Remote and Noninvasive Control of Cell Signaling

Pau Gorostiza and Ehud Y. Isacoff
Science 17 October 2008: 395-399.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

From Signals to Patterns: Space, Time, and Mathematics in Developmental Biology

Julian Lewis
Science 17 October 2008: 399-403.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 17 October 2008: 341.
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Editorial:
U.S.-Cuban Scientific Relations

Sergio Jorge Pastrana and Michael T. Clegg
Science 17 October 2008: 345.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 17 October 2008: 348.
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Science Podcast

Science 17 October 2008: 465.
The 17 October 2008 show includes a link between dopamine signaling and obesity, organic molecules from volcanic sparks, careers in synthetic biology, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 17 October 2008: 465.
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News of the Week

SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Falsification Charge Highlights Image-Manipulation Standards

Gretchen Vogel
Science 17 October 2008: 356.
The University of Minnesota announced last week that an academic misconduct committee had concluded that a 2001 journal article contains "falsified" data images, but the paper's lead author, a graduate student in prominent stem cell researcher Catherine Verfaillie's lab at the time, rejects that claim and says she followed the standards of the time for handling images. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GENETICS: DNA Test for Breast Cancer Risk Draws Criticism

Jennifer Couzin
Science 17 October 2008: 357.
Last week, deCODE Genetics released the first-ever breast cancer risk test designed to cover common forms of the disease. Many oncologists and geneticists decried the $1625 test as premature because it includes just seven genetic variants out of the dozens or hundreds driving breast cancer that scientists expect to find soon. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

RESEARCH FACILITIES: Hawaii Marine Lab Fights to Stay Afloat

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 17 October 2008: 358.
The University of Hawaii has agreed to give up its lease on the 35-year-old Kewalo Marine Laboratory 17 years early and plans to move the lab's faculty to its other marine lab on Coconut Island, or to the main Manoa campus, or even to the Waikiki Aquarium. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH: Two Strikes and You're Out, Grant Applicants Learn

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 October 2008: 358.
Taking some by surprise, the National Institutes of Health announced last week that scientists applying for grants will get only one chance to resubmit a rejected proposal. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MASS EXTINCTION: Most Devastating Mass Extinction Followed Long Bout of Sea Sickness

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 October 2008: 359.
Fouled waters are looking more and more like the cause of the ocean's greatest mass extinction 252 million years ago. The witches' brew that may have wiped out 90% of marine species in a geologic moment "had been stewing for millions of years," paleontologists say. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS: Skewed Symmetries Net Honors for Particle Theorists

Adrian Cho
Science 17 October 2008: 360-361.
Yoichiro Nambu wins one half of this year's Nobel Prize in physics and Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa the other half for discoveries related to particle physics. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS: Theorist Revolutionized Study of What Gets Made Where

Adrian Cho
Science 17 October 2008: 360.
Paul Krugman, an economist at Princeton University, has won this year's Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his analyses of international trade and economic geography. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY: Three Scientists Bask in Prize's Fluorescent Glow

Robert F. Service
Science 17 October 2008: 361.
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien share this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of green fluorescent protein. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 17 October 2008: 359.
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Random Samples

Science 17 October 2008: 353.
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Newsmakers

Science 17 October 2008: 355.
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News Focus

Q&A: China's Scientist Premier

Hao Xin and Richard Stone
Science 17 October 2008: 362-364.
In a rare one-on-one interview, Premier Wen Jiabao spoke with Science about China's efforts to ground its economic and social development in sound science. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Extended Interview »|  Available in Chinese »|  

DIABETES: Paradoxical Effects of Tightly Controlled Blood Sugar

Gary Taubes
Science 17 October 2008: 365-367.
Researchers are puzzling over recent trials that had great success in lowering blood sugar in type 2 diabetics but no success in reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMOLECULAR ARCHAEOLOGY: Trail of Mare's Milk Leads to First Tamed Horses

John Travis
Science 17 October 2008: 368.
Traces of ancient mares' milk may indicate that horse domestication began 1500 years earlier than previously believed, according to research presented at the Third International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMOLECULAR ARCHAEOLOGY: Old Bones Reveal New Signs of Scurvy

John Travis
Science 17 October 2008: 368-369.
At the Third International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology, researchers described a new way to detect more subtle signs of scurvy in ancient bones. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMOLECULAR ARCHAEOLOGY: Hope for the Rhone's Missing Sturgeon

John Travis
Science 17 October 2008: 369.
Ancient DNA research may help give one species, the European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), a new future, according to research presented at the Third International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Quantifying Coauthor Contributions

Cagan H. Sekercioglu
Science 17 October 2008: 371.
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 Biofuels: Clarifying Assumptions

Vinod Khosla;, Timothy D. Searchinger, and R. A. Houghton
Science 17 October 2008: 371-374.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 17 October 2008: 375.
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Books et al.

CLIMATE CHANGE: Taming the Angry Beast

Ken Caldeira
Science 17 October 2008: 376-377.
The authors discuss how human activities have triggered the possibility of catastrophic climate change, how we have come to recognize the threat, and what steps we might take to reduce the damages. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Talk Instead of Yelling

Frank T. Manheim
Science 17 October 2008: 377.
Noting that achieving a sustainable-energy economy will require tremendous effort, the authors profile innovators and investors whose actions hold the promise of averting the climate crisis. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOGRAPHY: From Tacoma to Thermal Diffusion

Charles T. Prewitt
Science 17 October 2008: 378.
Pieced together by John Abelson from an unpublished autobiographical sketch by his uncle and various conversations, the book offers a first-person account of Phil Abelson's life and research. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

FILM: AGRICULTURE: The Value of Women

Caroline Ash
Science 17 October 2008: 378.
Lainé's debut film, about a grassroots agricultural project in a Togo village, offers a hopeful vision of development in Africa. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 17 October 2008: 378.
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Policy Forum

RESEARCH ETHICS: When Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Fail to Meet Consent Standards

Jeremy Sugarman and Andrew W. Siegel
Science 17 October 2008: 379.
It does not necessarily follow that just because an embryonic stem line was not derived according to current consent standards it ought not to be used. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

GENETICS: It's the Sequence, Stupid!

Hilary A. Coller and Leonid Kruglyak
Science 17 October 2008: 380-381.
Differences in regulatory DNA sequences drive species-specific gene expression. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS SCIENCE: In Praise of Pores

Paolo Colombo
Science 17 October 2008: 381-383.
Advanced processing methods are used to tailor the properties of porous ceramics. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS SCIENCE: Toward Pore-Free Ceramics

Gary L. Messing and Adam J. Stevenson
Science 17 October 2008: 383-384.
Efforts are under way to create perfectly dense ceramics for use in applications ranging from lasers to health care. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS: Transforming Light

Vladimir M. Shalaev
Science 17 October 2008: 384-386.
Materials with optical properties not found in the natural world can now be designed, offering unprecedented control over light and enhanced device functionality. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS: A New Spin on the Doppler Effect

R. D. McMichael and M. D. Stiles
Science 17 October 2008: 386-387.
Direct measurements can now be made of electron spin currents, which play a key role in advanced memory applications. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY: RNA Computing in a Living Cell

Ehud Shapiro and Binyamin Gil
Science 17 October 2008: 387-388.
A system based on RNA can perform simple logical computations within a living cell, marking a step toward programming cell behavior. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

The Miller Volcanic Spark Discharge Experiment

Adam P. Johnson, H. James Cleaves, Jason P. Dworkin, Daniel P. Glavin, Antonio Lazcano, and Jeffrey L. Bada
Science 17 October 2008: 404.
Reanalysis of archived samples of an experiment simulating production of organic molecules in volcanic gases by lightning shows that they contain many amino acids. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Research Article

Conservation and Rewiring of Functional Modules Revealed by an Epistasis Map in Fission Yeast

Assen Roguev, Sourav Bandyopadhyay, Martin Zofall, Ke Zhang, Tamas Fischer, Sean R. Collins, Hongjing Qu, Michael Shales, Han-Oh Park, Jacqueline Hayles, Kwang-Lae Hoe, Dong-Uk Kim, Trey Ideker, Shiv I. Grewal, Jonathan S. Weissman, and Nevan J. Krogan
Science 17 October 2008: 405-410.
Published online 25 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162609] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Comparison of genetic wiring in two types of yeast reveals that protein complexes are conserved, but the interactions between them can change radically between species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Current-Induced Spin-Wave Doppler Shift

Vincent Vlaminck and Matthieu Bailleul
Science 17 October 2008: 410-413.
A current-induced shift in the frequency of propagating spin waves provides a simple technique to probe spin-polarized currents in engineering spintronic devices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Complex Patterning by Vertical Interchange Atom Manipulation Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Yoshiaki Sugimoto, Pablo Pou, Oscar Custance, Pavel Jelinek, Masayuki Abe, Ruben Perez, and Seizo Morita
Science 17 October 2008: 413-417.
Atoms of tin and silicon are reversibly and controllably exchanged between the tip of an atomic force microscope and a substrate, allowing atomic patterning of a surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Monofunctional Hydrocarbons and Targeted Liquid-Fuel Classes

Edward L. Kunkes, Dante A. Simonetti, Ryan M. West, Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz, Christian A. Gärtner, and James A. Dumesic
Science 17 October 2008: 417-421.
Published online 18 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1159210] (in Science Express Reports)
A set of two reactors, one that breaks down biomass sugars anda second that directs chain formation, can synthesize various hydrocarbon fuels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Accurate Temperature Imaging Based on Intermolecular Coherences in Magnetic Resonance

Gigi Galiana, Rosa T. Branca, Elizabeth R. Jenista, and Warren S. Warren
Science 17 October 2008: 421-424.
The shift of water nuclear magnetic resonance peaks relative to those of lipids provides an accurate thermometer of internal temperatures, for example, in a mouse. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Molecular Layering of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids at a Charged Sapphire (0001) Surface

Markus Mezger, Heiko Schröder, Harald Reichert, Sebastian Schramm, John S. Okasinski, Sebastian Schöder, Veijo Honkimäki, Moshe Deutsch, Benjamin M. Ocko, John Ralston, Michael Rohwerder, Martin Stratmann, and Helmut Dosch
Science 17 October 2008: 424-428.
Reflections of high-energy x-rays reveal that when in contact with a sapphire surface, and likely other surfaces, an ionic liquid forms alternating layers of cations and anions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolution of Block Copolymer Lithography to Highly Ordered Square Arrays

Chuanbing Tang, Erin M. Lennon, Glenn H. Fredrickson, Edward J. Kramer, and Craig J. Hawker
Science 17 October 2008: 429-432.
Published online 25 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162950] (in Science Express Reports)
The addition of hydrogen bonding units to two block copolymers leads to a template with square patterns that can be used for manufacturing integrated circuits. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Extreme Kuiper Belt Binary 2001 QW₃₂₂

J.-M. Petit, J. J. Kavelaars, B. J. Gladman, J. L. Margot, P. D. Nicholson, R. L. Jones, J. Wm. Parker, M. L. N. Ashby, A. Campo Bagatin, P. Benavidez, J. Coffey, P. Rousselot, O. Mousis, and P. A. Taylor
Science 17 October 2008: 432-434.
Two small, weakly bound objects in the outer solar system orbit each other more than 100,000 kilometers apart, a distance that challenges ideas for how such binaries form. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Species-Specific Transcription in Mice Carrying Human Chromosome 21

Michael D. Wilson, Nuno L. Barbosa-Morais, Dominic Schmidt, Caitlin M. Conboy, Lesley Vanes, Victor L. J. Tybulewicz, Elizabeth M. C. Fisher, Simon Tavaré, and Duncan T. Odom
Science 17 October 2008: 434-438.
Published online 11 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1160930] (in Science Express Reports)
An aneuploid mouse carrying a human chromosome shows that genetic sequence can dominate epigenetic, cellular, and organismal effects in determining transcriptional regulation and gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Surface Sites for Engineering Allosteric Control in Proteins

Jeeyeon Lee, Madhusudan Natarajan, Vishal C. Nashine, Michael Socolich, Tina Vo, William P. Russ, Stephen J. Benkovic, and Rama Ranganathan
Science 17 October 2008: 438-442.
Two allosterically regulated proteins can be engineered to interact so that when light activates one, it triggers the enzymatic output (dihydrofolate reductase) of the other. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Stochastic Single-Molecule Event Triggers Phenotype Switching of a Bacterial Cell

Paul J. Choi, Long Cai, Kirsten Frieda, and X. Sunney Xie
Science 17 October 2008: 442-446.
A stochastic process, in which a regulatory repressor dissociates from either one or two DNA sites, determines which of two phenotypes is seen in genetically identical bacteria. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Remeasuring the Double Helix

Rebecca S. Mathew-Fenn, Rhiju Das, and Pehr A. B. Harbury
Science 17 October 2008: 446-449.
Pieces of DNA in solution are much softer than DNA under tension and unexpectedly stretch large amounts over several helical turns. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Relation Between Obesity and Blunted Striatal Response to Food Is Moderated by TaqIA A1 Allele

E. Stice, S. Spoor, C. Bohon, and D. M. Small
Science 17 October 2008: 449-452.
Individuals whose reward centers of the brain respond sluggishly after eating prefer calorie-dense foods, which may account for their greater propensity to gain weight. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Phosphorylation Networks Regulating JNK Activity in Diverse Genetic Backgrounds

Chris Bakal, Rune Linding, Flora Llense, Elleard Heffern, Enrique Martin-Blanco, Tony Pawson, and Norbert Perrimon
Science 17 October 2008: 453-456.
Data from an RNA interference screen, combined with genetic interaction analysis, allow construction of a comprehensive kinase cellular signaling network in Drosophila. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Higher-Order Cellular Information Processing with Synthetic RNA Devices

Maung Nyan Win and Christina D. Smolke
Science 17 October 2008: 456-460.
The intrinsic ribozyme of a simple RNA-based Boolean logic device that can be engineered into cells is activated when it is bound by two particular molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Innate Immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans Is Regulated by Neurons Expressing NPR-1/GPCR

Katie L. Styer, Varsha Singh, Evan Macosko, Sarah E. Steele, Cornelia I. Bargmann, and Alejandro Aballay
Science 17 October 2008: 460-464.
Published online 18 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1163673] (in Science Express Reports)
In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, sensory neurons surprisingly can inhibit innate immune responses, in part through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|