This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 12 June 2009: 1362.
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Editorial:
Reset Cooperation with Russia

Glenn Schweitzer
Science 12 June 2009: 1365.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 12 June 2009: 1366.
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Science Podcast

Science 12 June 2009: 1462.
The show includes deforestation and development in the Amazon, stamping out Kashin-Beck disease in China, measuring the charge state of gold and silver atoms, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 12 June 2009: 1462.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

U.S. Climate Policy
Congress Takes First Step Toward One-Stop Shopping for Climate

Erik Stokstad
Science 12 June 2009: 1372.
Congress is moving quickly to lay a framework for a new federal body that would generate scientifically credible predictions about the impact of global warming, for use by everyone from city planners to state wildlife managers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Environmental Science
Macau Launches Late Bid to Cure Its Pearl River Delta Blues

Richard Stone
Science 12 June 2009: 1373-1374.
Macau, a gambling haven known more for unbridled development than for ecological awareness, started down the road to sustainability this year with the creation of a wetland reserve and an Environmental Protection Bureau. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Patents
U.S. Supreme Court Delves Into What Is and Isn't Patentable

Eliot Marshall
Science 12 June 2009: 1374.
Last week, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear a case that could clarify rules about what is, or is not, patentable. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Japan
Science Windfall Stimulates High Hopes—and Political Maneuvering

Dennis Normile
Science 12 June 2009: 1375.
A handful of stellar researchers could be in line for grants of as much as $90 million over 5 years, thanks to a new program included in a stimulus package approved by Japan's legislature on 29 May. But some scientists worry that a political selection process could steer money toward industry-favored projects. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 12 June 2009: 1375.
Highlights from Science's online daily news site, ScienceNOW, this week include the identity of the birds that caused the January crash of a US Airways jet, a 10-million-year-old laugh, a mathematical model of how snakes get around, and building a better light bulb with lasers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Plant Breeding
Scientists Seek Easier Access to Seed Banks

Elizabeth Finkel
Science 12 June 2009: 1376.
Last week, the governing body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture met in Tunis to review implementation and coax reluctant nations to open their seed banks and contribute to a "doomsday vault" on Norway's Svalbard island. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Immigration Policy
U.S. Promises to Reduce Delays in Granting Visas for Scientists

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 12 June 2009: 1377.
The U.S. government has streamlined procedures for processing visa applications from foreign students and researchers trying to enter the United States. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 12 June 2009: 1377.
Germany's stimulus plan, a new open-access online repository and a restructuring of government departments in the U.K., and U.S. science diplomacy in the Islamic world were among the stories covered by ScienceInsider in the past week. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 12 June 2009: 1371.
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News Focus

Diseases
A Medical Mystery in Middle China

Richard Stone
Science 12 June 2009: 1378-1381.
China has launched a massive effort to stamp out Kashin-Beck disease, including moving populations from affected areas, but the cause of this crippling ailment remains elusive. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Profile: Artur Chilingarov
Russia's Polar Hero

Tom Parfitt
Science 12 June 2009: 1382-1384.
Artur Chilingarov has led researchers exploring the polar regions, the Arctic ocean floor, and the world's deepest lake. But is he promoting science or his homeland? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Profile: Artur Chilingarov
Diving Into the Sacred Sea

Tom Parfitt
Science 12 June 2009: 1382-1383.
Prompted by potential menaces to Lake Baikal, the largest, deepest, most ancient, and most biologically diverse freshwater lake on Earth, scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences, led by oceanographer and explorer Artur Chilingarov, last year began a program of research using two deep-water Mir minisubmarines. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolution
Authors Scramble to Make Textbooks Conform to Texas Science Standards

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 12 June 2009: 1385.
The Texas market is so large that publishers must pay heed to new guidelines on what students should learn. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. Higher Education
Minority Retention Rates in Science Are Sore Spot for Most Universities

Robert Koenig
Science 12 June 2009: 1386-1387.
A few universities have demonstrated what it takes to help more minority students earn science degrees. But their efforts are only beginning to be widely replicated. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. Higher Education
Following the Leaders

Robert Koenig
Science 12 June 2009: 1386.
Several institutions have begun to imitate aspects of the Meyerhoff program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and the Biology Scholars Program at the University of California, Berkeley (see main text). However, none has published comprehensive data on what has been accomplished. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Redesigning the Wildlife Trade System

Angelo P. Pernetta
Science 12 June 2009: 1389.
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 Wood Energy: Predicting Costs

F. David Doty
Science 12 June 2009: 1389.
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 Wood Energy: Protect Local Ecosystems

Brian D. Titus, Douglas G. Maynard, Caren C. Dymond, Graham Stinson, and Werner A. Kurz
Science 12 June 2009: 1389-1390.
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 Wood Energy: The Dangers of Combustion

Francis J. Ries, Julian D. Marshall, and Michael Brauer
Science 12 June 2009: 1390.
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 Response—Wood Energy: The Dangers of Combustion

Daniel deB. Richter, Jr., Dylan H. Jenkins, John T. Karakash, Josiah Knight, Lew R. McCreery, and Kasimir P. Nemestothy
Science 12 June 2009: 1390-1391.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 12 June 2009: 1391.
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Books et al.

Psychology
Mr. Armstrong's Jersey and Mr. Rogers's Sweater

Michael Shermer
Science 12 June 2009: 1392-1393.
Discussing beliefs in the supernatural and irrational, Hood argues that they arise because human minds have been selected to "think there are unseen patterns, forces, and essences inhabiting the world"—the beliefs help people bind together. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Epidemiology
Epidemics of Fear

Kenneth R. Foster
Science 12 June 2009: 1393.
Exploring biological, social, and narrative aspects of epidemics, Alcabes concludes that the common gap between the hype and the actual levels of damages reflects the crucial roles fear and imagination play in shaping our responses to diseases. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 12 June 2009: 1393.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 05 June 2009. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Drug Discovery
Repurposing with a Difference

Mark S. Boguski, Kenneth D. Mandl, and Vikas P. Sukhatme
Science 12 June 2009: 1394-1395.
Consumer activism, genetic information, and social networking technologies are creating many opportunities for drug repurposing. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Astronomy
Extreme Spinning Tops

Michael Kramer
Science 12 June 2009: 1396-1397.
Observations of the same binary star system over 10 years confirm a scenario of how pulsars form and evolve. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Applied Physics
Novel Probes for Molecular Electronics

Ernst Meyer and Thilo Glatzel
Science 12 June 2009: 1397-1398.
An extension of noncontact atomic force microscopy allows detection and manipulation of the charge states of individual atoms. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Silicon Carbide as a Platform for Power Electronics

C. R. Eddy, Jr. and D. K. Gaskill
Science 12 June 2009: 1398-1400.
Methods for growing large, defect-free silicon carbide crystals have enabled the fabrication of devices that can operate at high power. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cancer
Breaching the Cancer Fortress

Peter Olson and Douglas Hanahan
Science 12 June 2009: 1400-1401.
Pancreatic tumors are poorly vascularized, suggesting that new therapeutic strategies are needed. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Yield Stress Fluids Slowly Yield to Analysis

Daniel Bonn and Morton M. Denn
Science 12 June 2009: 1401-1402.
The behavior of a type of complex fluid (exemplified by mayonnaise and concrete) can depend on the sample's flow history. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Comprehensive Control of Atomic Motion

Mark G. Raizen
Science 12 June 2009: 1403-1406.
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Brevia

Herapathite

Bart Kahr, John Freudenthal, Shane Phillips, and Werner Kaminsky
Science 12 June 2009: 1407.
Discovered in 1852 and used for polarizing light, the crystal structure of iodoquinine sulfate has been solved. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Magnetic Fields in the Formation of Massive Stars

Josep M. Girart, Maria T. Beltrán, Qizhou Zhang, Ramprasad Rao, and Robert Estalella
Science 12 June 2009: 1408-1411.
Observations of polarized dust emission show that the magnetic field controls the dynamical evolution of a massive star-forming region. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Radio Pulsar/X-ray Binary Link

Anne M. Archibald, Ingrid H. Stairs, Scott M. Ransom, Victoria M. Kaspi, Vladislav I. Kondratiev, Duncan R. Lorimer, Maura A. McLaughlin, Jason Boyles, Jason W. T. Hessels, Ryan Lynch, Joeri van Leeuwen, Mallory S. E. Roberts, Frederick Jenet, David J. Champion, Rachel Rosen, Brad N. Barlow, Bart H. Dunlap, and Ronald A. Remillard
Science 12 June 2009: 1411-1414.
Published online 21 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1172740] (in Science Express Reports)
Radio observations reveal a system undergoing the transition from a low-mass x-ray binary star to a millisecond radio pulsar. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Determining the Dynamics of Entanglement

O. Jiménez Farías, C. Lombard Latune, S. P. Walborn, L. Davidovich, and P. H. Souto Ribeiro
Science 12 June 2009: 1414-1417.
Published online 14 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1171544] (in Science Express Reports)
The evolution of quantum mechanically entangled photon pairs can now be measured as they interact with their environment. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Colloidal Nanocrystals with Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Surface Ligands

Maksym V. Kovalenko, Marcus Scheele, and Dmitri V. Talapin
Science 12 June 2009: 1417-1420.
Chalcogenide-based ligands are used to link colloidal nanocrystals together and can be converted into semiconducting complexes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Polarization Control of Electron Tunneling into Ferroelectric Surfaces

Peter Maksymovych, Stephen Jesse, Pu Yu, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, Arthur P. Baddorf, and Sergei V. Kalinin
Science 12 June 2009: 1421-1425.
High electric fields delivered with an atomic force microscope tip pattern polarization domains in ferroelectric thin films. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Isotopic Homojunction Band Engineering from Diamond

H. Watanabe, C. E. Nebel, and S. Shikata
Science 12 June 2009: 1425-1428.
Nanoscale multilayers of diamond that alternate in isotopic composition create quantum wells that confine electrons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Measuring the Charge State of an Adatom with Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy

Leo Gross, Fabian Mohn, Peter Liljeroth, Jascha Repp, Franz J. Giessibl, and Gerhard Meyer
Science 12 June 2009: 1428-1431.
Charging of gold and silver atoms on salt films changes the force detected by the tip of a scanning probe microscope. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Oxygen-18 of O₂ Records the Impact of Abrupt Climate Change on the Terrestrial Biosphere

Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Ross Beaudette, Melissa A. Headly, Kendrick Taylor, and Edward J. Brook
Science 12 June 2009: 1431-1434.
Ice core studies show that changes in low-latitude rainfall accompanied abrupt climate change over the past 100,000 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Boom-and-Bust Development Patterns Across the Amazon Deforestation Frontier

Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Robert M. Ewers, Luke Parry, Carlos Souza, Jr., Adalberto Veríssimo, and Andrew Balmford
Science 12 June 2009: 1435-1437.
Rainforest loss in the Amazon is associated with ephemeral increase in people’s relative prosperity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Leading-Edge Vortices Elevate Lift of Autorotating Plant Seeds

D. Lentink, W. B. Dickson, J. L. van Leeuwen, and M. H. Dickinson
Science 12 June 2009: 1438-1440.
Winged plant seeds use leading edge vortices to create lift, in the same way that flying animals do. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals

Niko G. Gubernator, Hui Zhang, Roland G. W. Staal, Eugene V. Mosharov, Daniela B. Pereira, Minerva Yue, Vojtech Balsanek, Paul A. Vadola, Bipasha Mukherjee, Robert H. Edwards, David Sulzer, and Dalibor Sames
Science 12 June 2009: 1441-1444.
Published online 7 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1172278] (in Science Express Reports)
Optical tracking of neurotransmitter release in the brain reveals multiple synaptic populations that depend on brain activity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of Rotavirus Outer-Layer Protein VP7 Bound with a Neutralizing Fab

Scott T. Aoki, Ethan C. Settembre, Shane D. Trask, Harry B. Greenberg, Stephen C. Harrison, and Philip R. Dormitzer
Science 12 June 2009: 1444-1447.
Binding of neutralizing antibodies to rotavirus stabilizes coat-protein trimers and blocks cell entry. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extensive Demethylation of Repetitive Elements During Seed Development Underlies Gene Imprinting

Mary Gehring, Kerry L. Bubb, and Steven Henikoff
Science 12 June 2009: 1447-1451.
Gene function in Arabidopsis endosperm depends on whether a gene is maternally or paternally inherited. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome-Wide Demethylation of Arabidopsis Endosperm

Tzung-Fu Hsieh, Christian A. Ibarra, Pedro Silva, Assaf Zemach, Leor Eshed-Williams, Robert L. Fischer, and Daniel Zilberman
Science 12 June 2009: 1451-1454.
The endosperm genome of Arabidopsis shows extensive gene imprinting. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hyper-Recombination, Diversity, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pneumococcus

William Paul Hanage, Christophe Fraser, Jing Tang, Thomas Richard Connor, and Jukka Corander
Science 12 June 2009: 1454-1457.
Promiscuity not only leads to diversity in streptococcal bacteria, but also to an increased likelihood of acquiring drug resistance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Enhances Delivery of Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Kenneth P. Olive, Michael A. Jacobetz, Christian J. Davidson, Aarthi Gopinathan, Dominick McIntyre, Davina Honess, Basetti Madhu, Mae A. Goldgraben, Meredith E. Caldwell, David Allard, Kristopher K. Frese, Gina DeNicola, Christine Feig, Chelsea Combs, Stephen P. Winter, Heather Ireland-Zecchini, Stefanie Reichelt, William J. Howat, Alex Chang, Mousumi Dhara, Lifu Wang, Felix Rückert, Robert Grützmann, Christian Pilarsky, Kamel Izeradjene, Sunil R. Hingorani, Pearl Huang, Susan E. Davies, William Plunkett, Merrill Egorin, Ralph H. Hruban, Nigel Whitebread, Karen McGovern, Julian Adams, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, John Griffiths, and David A. Tuveson
Science 12 June 2009: 1457-1461.
Published online 21 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1171362] (in Science Express Reports)
Pancreatic tumors are unresponsive to chemotherapy because their limited vasculature precludes efficient drug delivery. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Tail Reconnection Triggering Substorm Onset"

A. T. Y. Lui
Science 12 June 2009: 1391.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "Tail Reconnection Triggering Substorm Onset"

Vassilis Angelopoulos, James P. McFadden, Davin Larson, Charles W. Carlson, Stephen B. Mende, Harald Frey, Tai Phan, David G. Sibeck, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Uli Auster, Eric Donovan, Ian R. Mann, I. Jonathan Rae, Christopher T. Russell, Andrei Runov, Xu-Zhi Zhou, and Larry Kepko
Science 12 June 2009: 1391.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|